After Anakin Skywalker is converted to the dark side of the Force by Palpatine in Star Wars: Episode III — Revenge of the Sith and becomes Darth Vader, Palpatine tells Yoda that Vader will become more powerful than either of them. However, while his manipulation of Anakin was crucial to the destruction of the Jedi Order and enabling him to rule the galaxy with absolute power, his faith in Vader turned out to be, to quote Yoda, somewhat misplaced. This is most apparent in Revenge of the Sith when Obi-Wan and Vader duel on Mustafar, and Obi-Wan severs both of Vader’s legs and his left arm before leaving him burning on the lava bank.
Just as Luke Skywalker reveals overconfidence to be Palpatine’s primary weakness in Return of the Jedi, this is clearly visible with Vader’s crippling defeat on Mustafar. While Palpatine was able to rescue and rebuild Vader by applying his Star Wars trademark black-armored life-support suit, for a Sith apprentice he ostensibly intended to make more powerful than himself, Vader was a miserable failure.
However, while this debilitating defeat wasn’t part of Palpatine’s initial plan, he nonetheless turned the situation to his advantage. With the remade Vader now being, in Obi-Wan’s words, more machine than man, he no longer represented a serious threat. Palpatine was able to harness Vader’s anger and pain to seemingly irrevocably bind him to the dark side by turning him into Palpatine’s ultimate enforcer.
Palpatine Reacted to Darth Vader’s Loss With Secret Satisfaction and Strategic Anger
As Palpatine showed with his emotionless reaction to Darth Maul’s demise in The Phantom Menace, he is willing to forsake any Sith apprentice who doesn’t fulfill his expectations. In deciding to save and rebuild Darth Vader in Revenge of the Sith, this reflects his appreciation for how Vader, unlike Darth Maul, played a vital role in helping Palpatine achieve his key objectives: the destruction of the Jedi Order and the fall of the Republic. Moreover, while both Maul and Vader failed him, Vader proved invaluable as the instrument through which Palpatine enforced his corrupt agenda by fear and intimidation.
Palpatine was able to exploit Vader’s disfigurement and gaping sense of loss to ensure dependency and stoke his rage.
With Vader’s loss against Obi-Wan Kenobi on Mustafar in Revenge of the Sith, he failed to demonstrate the skill that led Palpatine to identify him as being more powerful than perhaps any other Jedi in history. However, any resentment Palpatine felt over Vader’s lost potential and weakened condition after the battle with Obi-Wan was quickly redirected into a strategy of manipulation. Palpatine was able to exploit Vader’s disfigurement and gaping sense of loss to ensure dependency and stoke his rage. While the injuries that Vader sustained in the battle at Mustafar prevented him from realizing his full potential, Palpatine turned the rebuilt Vader from a failed apprentice into a horrifying symbol of his virtually undiluted power.
Vader’s Loss to Obi-Wan Severely Transformed His Relationship With Palpatine
In addition to the possibility of mastering the power of immortality in order to save Padme from dying in Revenge of the Sith, one of Anakin Skywalker’s justifications for converting to the dark side of the Force was his initial belief that he could eventually overthrow Palpatine. This is a thought that Vader also expresses to Luke Skywalker in The Empire Strikes Back. However, just as the disfiguring injuries that Vader suffered in his battle against Obi-Wan Kenobi on Mustafar forced Palpatine to create a contingency plan, Vader’s subservient relationship with Palpatine instilled in him the sense that Palpatine was simply too powerful for him to defeat.
Whether or not Palpatine truly intended for Vader to become his successor, his disappointment with Vader’s defeat at the hands of Obi-Wan Kenobi is evident in his seeming abandonment of any clear plan for Vader’s future within the Empire. While Palpatine largely deployed Vader as a tool of destruction, he also furthered his own quest for immortality, something he might have avoided had Vader fulfilled the potential Palpatine envisioned for him. However, while Palpatine’s overconfidence in Vader’s abilities, combined with his underestimation of Obi-Wan, proved disastrous in this regard, the battle at Mustafar established the relationship between Palpatine and Vader as a master-apprentice dynamic governed by manipulation and power, without the slightest semblance of friendship or trust.
The Second Battle Between Obi-Wan and Vader Was Similar to the First
The most inconsistent character in the Star Wars franchise is Obi-Wan Kenobi, who alternates between appearing as a great Jedi fighter and a relatively weak one. This is most evident throughout Revenge of the Sith, which opens with Obi-Wan being completely overpowered by Sith lord Count Dooku and ends with Obi-Wan summoning the strength to defeat Darth Vader. Following the battle on Mustafar, the next battle between Obi-Wan and Vader appears, chronologically speaking, in the Obi-Wan Kenobi miniseries. In the third episode, a weakened Obi-Wan is confronted, burned, and overpowered by Vader, barely escaping alive.
The next climactic battle between Obi-Wan and Vader happens in the sixth episode. Obi-Wan lures Vader to a barren moon, where they engage in an intense lightsaber duel that unfolds fairly evenly, until Obi-Wan’s guilt-fueled rage enables him to overpower Vader through a furious lightsaber assault that once again leaves Vader incapacitated and near death. After slicing open his black helmet, he sees Vader’s scarred face and realizes that the friend whom he last saw on Mustafar is truly dead and gone.